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| GDOSD: Grid Distribution Localization Using Optimum Step Distance in Wireless Sensor Networks |
| Hua Wu, Yang Liu, Guangyuan Zhang, Jianping Xing, Ran Wang |
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Abstract Localization is one of the substantial issues in Wireless Sensor
Networks (WSNs). However, precise location information may be
unavailable due to the constraint in energy consumptions,
computation resources, or terrain restrictions. This paper proposes
a new method for node localization of a wireless sensor network by
means of Grid Distribution Using Optimum Step Distance (GDOSD),
which is a three-dimensional distributed range-free localization
scheme. In this GDOSD approach, a small portion of anchor nodes are
added to realize final localization which all present a uniform
distribution in space that results in forming many small three
dimensional space grids. Moreover it can be subdivided into several
sub-cubes further on the whole. Combining the help of grid
distribution, GDOSD algorithm adopts an accurate analysis,
computation and refinement of step distance between relay nodes in
three dimensional networks with unknown sensors deployed randomly
which results in arbitrary network connectivity. By deriving step
distance from a network model in terms of network parameters and
connectivity, the optimum step distance between any pair of sensors
can be obtained. As the distance estimation is a key issue in
localization algorithms, in this scheme the anchor node positioning
on the space grid point promulgates its location information
periodically and unknown nodes do not have to communicate with each
other so that the power efficient is guaranteed and the computation
quantity is decreased. In particular, with the condition of this
grid distribution, GDOSD scheme has gained high accuracy, big
scalability, reliable robustness, and well power efficiency even
without distance or angle information exchanged. Through the
simulation process, GDOSD provides higher localization accuracy and
reduces the power consumption by decreasing the communication
overhead between unknown nodes which further prolongs the lifetime
of the whole network.
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